Keywords and Terminolgies

Class & Object

• class: Defines a class.
• interface: Declares an interface (a contract for classes).
• object: An instance of a class.
• new: Instantiates a new object.

Modifiers

• public / private / protected: Access control modifiers (already discussed).
• static: Indicates a field or method belongs to the class rather than instances, is shared across all instances of a class.
• final: Used to declare constants, prevent method overriding, or inheritance, A final method cannot be overridden by subclasses, A final class cannot be inherited.
• abstract: Used to declare incomplete methods or classes that must be extended.

Inheritance & Polymorphism

• extends: A class inherits another class.
• implements: A class implements an interface.
• super: Refers to the parent class’s members.
• this: Refers to the current instance of the class.

Control Flow

• if / else / switch: Conditional statements.
• for / while / do-while: Looping constructs.
• break / continue: Control loop execution.
• return: Exits from a method and optionally returns a value.

Exception Handling

• try / catch / finally: Handle exceptions.
• throw / throws: Raise exceptions.
• assert: Check assumptions during development.

Memory Management/Threada

• new: Allocates memory for an object.
• null: A reference that points to no object.
• synchronized: Used to control access to methods or blocks in a multithreaded environment.
• volatile: Ensures visibility of changes to variables across threads.
• transient: Prevents serialization of a field.

Types

• void: Specifies that a method does not return a value.
• primitive types: int, float, char, boolean, etc.
• instanceof: Tests if an object is of a particular type.

Others

• enum: Declares an enumeration, a special type with predefined constant values.
• package: Defines a package (namespace) for classes.
• import: Brings other classes or packages into the current class.
• default: Provides default implementations in interfaces or switch statements.
• native: Declares methods implemented in native code (outside Java).
• strictfp: Ensures consistent floating-point calculations across platforms.
• const / goto: Reserved keywords (not used in Java).

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